He continued to improve the device and in 1890 invented the glass disc sprinkler, essentially the same as that in use today. Parmalee's design and in 1881 patented the automatic sprinkler that bears his name. A series of smaller pipes fed from the distribution pipe were pierced with a series of 1⁄ 2-inch (13 mm) holes which would pour water in the event of a fire. 95,000 litres) fed by a 10-inch (250 mm) water main which branched to all parts of the theatre. The apparatus consisted of a cylindrical airtight reservoir of 400 hogsheads (c. The world's first modern recognizable sprinkler system was installed in the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane in the United Kingdom in 1812 by its architect, William Congreve, and was covered by patent No. He used gunpowder to release a tank of extinguishing fluid. "The sprinkler system worked all too well, causing a flood that washed away all the food and a good part of the kitchen." Īmbrose Godfrey created the first successful automated sprinkler system in 1723. In a comedy of errors, everything went wrong during a huge banquet, and a fire broke out. Leonardo automated his patron's kitchen with a super-oven and a system of conveyor belts. Leonardo da Vinci designed a sprinkler system in the 15th century. Of buildings completely protected by fire sprinkler systems, if a fire did initiate, it was controlled by the fire sprinklers alone in 96% of these cases. Fire sprinkler systems are generally designed as a life saving system, but are not necessarily designed to protect the building. įire sprinkler systems are extensively used worldwide, with over 40 million sprinkler heads fitted each year. Although initially used only in factories and large commercial buildings, systems for homes and small buildings are now available at a cost-effective price. Note the red liquid alcohol in the glass bulb.Ī fire sprinkler system is an active fire protection method, consisting of a water supply system providing adequate pressure and flowrate to a water distribution piping system, to which fire sprinklers are connected. A glass bulb type sprinkler head will spray water into the room if sufficient heat reaches the bulb and causes it to shatter.
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